Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMUK75B)

• Drug Name: Urea
• Synonyms: carbamide; 57-13-6; Isourea; Carbonyldiamide; Ureophil; Carbonyldiamine; Carbamimidic acid; Pseudourea; Ureaphil; Urevert; Carbaderm; Alphadrate; Keratinamin; Calmurid; Aquadrate; Carbonyl diamide; Pastaron; Urepearl; Carbamide resin; Ultra Mide; Varioform ii; Aqua Care; Prespersion, 75 urea; carmol; basodexan; Harnstoff; Nutraplus; Mocovina; Urea solution; Supercel 3000; Aqua Care HP; Ureacin-20; Ureacin-40 Creme; Ureacin-10 lotion; Polyurea; Panafil; Onychomal; Hyanit; Caswell No. 902; Carbonyl Diamine; Mocovina [Czech]; Harnstoff [Ge

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Dermatological disease	DA24.Y	Approved	[1], [2]

• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 60.056
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); -1.4
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 0
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 1
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: CH4N2O
  IUPAC Name: urea
  Canonical SMILES: C(=O)(N)N
  InChI: InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
  InChIKey: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 1176
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:16199
  CAS Number: 57-13-6
  DrugBank ID: DB03904
  TTD ID: D02XBW
  VARIDT ID: DR00048

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)	DTE2B1D	SO1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Urea (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Levomilnacipran	DMV26S8	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Levomilnacipran.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[14]
Vilazodone	DM4LECQ	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Vilazodone.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[14]
Vortioxetine	DM6F1PU	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Vortioxetine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[14]
Milnacipran	DMBFE74	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Milnacipran.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[14]
Desvenlafaxine	DMHD4PE	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Desvenlafaxine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[14]
Eslicarbazepine	DMZREFQ	Moderate	Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Urea and Eslicarbazepine.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[15]

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4539).
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] Transcellular movement of hydroxyurea is mediated by specific solute carrier transporters. Exp Hematol. 2011 Apr;39(4):446-56.
• [4] Interaction of methotrexate with organic-anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and its genetic variants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Aug;318(2):521-9.
• [5] Localization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 (Oatp4) in rat liver and comparison of its substrate specificity with Oatp1, Oatp2 and Oatp3. Pflugers Arch. 2001 Nov;443(2):188-95.
• [6] Environmental and genetic factors affecting transport of imatinib by OATP1A2. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;89(6):816-20.
• [7] Influence of the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin on the function of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1A2 and 2B1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Dec 1;80(11):1746-53.
• [8] Transporter-mediated influx and efflux mechanisms of pitavastatin, a new inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;57(10):1305-11.
• [9] Drug and bile acid transporters in rosuvastatin hepatic uptake: function, expression, and pharmacogenetics. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1793-806.
• [10] Human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-A (SLC21A3) acts in concert with P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 2 in the vectorial transport of Saquinavir in Hep G2 cells. Mol Pharm. 2004 Jan 12;1(1):49-56.
• [11] Uptake of enalapril and expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 in zonal, isolated rat hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Jul;28(7):801-6.
• [12] Molecular and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide cloned from human liver. Gastroenterology. 1995 Oct;109(4):1274-82.
• [13] Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2001 May;142(5):2005-12.
• [14] Product Information. Savella (milnacipran). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
• [15] Product Information. Aptiom (eslicarbazepine). Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA.